CHON-MON-I-CASE. AN OTTO HALF CHIEF, from History of the Indian Tribes of North America

Art Historical Context

**CHON-MON-I-CASE. AN OTTO HALF CHIEF** *McKenney and Hall, ca. 1837–1844* *Hand-colored lithograph; Smithsonian American Art Museum* striking portrait captures Chon-Mon-Case, a half chief of the Otoe (Oto) tribe, as part of the landmark publication *History of the Indian of North America* (1836–1844) by Thomas L. McKenney and James. Based on original oil paintings by Charles Bird King, these lithographic prints meticulously documented Native American leaders who visited Washington, D.C during the early 19th century. Produced amid rapid U.S. expansion and treaty negotiations, the series preserves dignified likenesses of tribal delegates, offering a window into a pivotal era of cultural exchange and conflict. Chon-Mon-i-Case's regal attire—traditional Otoe dress adorned with feathers, beads, and a prominent Indian Peace Medal—symbolizes diplomatic ties with the U.S. government. These medals, gifted to chiefs as tokens of alliance, highlight the complex relationships forged during removal policies. The hand-colored lithography technique allowed for vivid details in skin tones, fabrics, and accessories, making the prints both accessible and artistically refined for a wide audience. As a Smithsonian treasure, this work underscores the artistic and historical value of 19th-century portraiture in chronicling Indigenous heritage, reminding visitors of the Otoe people's enduring legacy amid profound change. (198 words)