Christ on the Cross between Two Thieves

Art Historical Context

Jacques de Gheyn II (5–1629), a leading Dutch engraver and draftsman from the Haarlem school, created *Christ on the Cross between Thieves* around 1590. This striking engraving on ivory laid paper captures the pivotal biblical moment of the Crucifixion, flanked by the penitent and unrepentant thieves—a scene drawn from the Gospels emphasizing themes of redemption and judgment. Measuring 42 × 30.7 cm, the print exemplifies the Mannerist style prevalent in the late 16th century, with its elongated figures, dramatic contrasts, and intricate line work that convey intense emotion and spiritual depth. Engravings like this were revolutionary for their time, allowing detailed religious imagery to be reproduced affordably and widely disseminated across Europe amid the religious upheavals of the Reformation. De Gheyn's mastery of the burin technique—incising fine lines into a copper plate—produced velvety textures and subtle tonal gradations on the smooth ivory laid paper, a premium support that enhanced clarity and longevity. As part of the Art Institute of Chicago's Prints and Drawings collection, this work highlights the era's fusion of artistry and devotion. Visitors will appreciate how de Gheyn's print not only served pious contemplation but also showcased technical virtuosity, bridging Northern Renaissance precision with emerging Baroque expressiveness.

About the Artist

Jacques de Gheyn, II · 1565–1629

Jacques de Gheyn II (1565–1629) was born in Antwerp into an artistic family, receiving his earliest instruction from his father, Jacob de Gheyn I, a skilled glass painter, engraver, and draftsman. In 1585, the young de Gheyn moved to Haarlem, where he spent five formative years studying under Hendrik Goltzius, one of the most celebrated engravers of the Northern Renaissance. This apprenticeship pr...