Dusky Duck

Art Historical Context

Behold the *Dusky Duck* (1836), a stunning print by engraver Robert Havell after legendary naturalist-artist John James Audubon This work hails from Audubon's monumental *The Birds of America*, one of the most ambitious publishing projects of the 19th century lavish elephant folio featuring life-sized depictions of over 400 North American bird species. Published between 1827 and 1838, it captured the Romantic era's fascination with the wild beauty of the American wilderness, blending scientific precision with artistic drama. Crafted as a hand-colored engraving and aquatint on fine Whatman wove paper, the print showcases Havell's masterful techniques. Aquatint provided subtle tonal gradations to mimic the duck's iridescent feathers and watery habitat, while meticulous hand-coloring by a team of London colorists brought Audubon's vibrant watercolor originals to vivid life. Whatman paper, prized for its durability and smooth surface, ensured these double-elephant sheets (about 26 x 39 inches) could withstand the intricate printing process. Now in the National Gallery of Art's collection (gift of Mrs. Walter B. James), *Dusky Duck* exemplifies how Audubon's work revolutionized natural history illustration, influencing conservation awareness and fine art printing. Visitors, imagine these ducks bursting from the page— a timeless tribute to America's avian wonders!

About the Artist

Robert Havell after John James Audubon

Robert Havell Jr., born on November 25, 1793, in Reading, Berkshire, England, was the son of renowned engraver and publisher Robert Havell Sr. and Lydia Miller Phillips. Growing up in a family of artists that included notable engravers and etchers, he trained under his father, mastering aquatint techniques early on. Though briefly estranged from the family business, Havell reconciled with his fath...