Hairy Woodpecker

Art Historical Context

Behold the *Hairy Woodpecker* (1838), a stunning print from John James Audubon's legendary *The Birds of America*, meticulously engraved and hand-colored by Robert Havell. Audubon, a pioneering naturalist and artist, captured this industrious bird—Dryobates villosus—in life-size detail, perched dynamically amid its woodland habitat. Published as part of the double-elephant folio edition (1827–1838), this work revolutionized natural history illustration by depicting birds in realistic, animated poses rather than stiff taxidermy studies, blending scientific accuracy with artistic flair during the Romantic era's fascination with nature. Havell's masterful techniques shine here: aquatint provided subtle tonal gradations for feathers and bark textures, while fine-line engraving ensured precision. Hand-coloring on Whatman wove paper—a premium, durable British stock—brought Audubon's vibrant palette to life, with each of the 435 plates colored by skilled artisans. This labor-intensive process made the series a collector's marvel, costing subscribers a fortune equivalent to a luxury car today. Housed in the National Gallery of Art (gift of Mrs. Walter B. James), this print not only celebrates American wildlife but also embodies 19th-century exploration and conservation ethos, inspiring generations of artists and birdwatchers alike.

About the Artist

Robert Havell after John James Audubon

Robert Havell Jr., born on November 25, 1793, in Reading, Berkshire, England, was the son of renowned engraver and publisher Robert Havell Sr. and Lydia Miller Phillips. Growing up in a family of artists that included notable engravers and etchers, he trained under his father, mastering aquatint techniques early on. Though briefly estranged from the family business, Havell reconciled with his fath...